Conteste el cuestionario con información del texto
The
Twentieth Century Paradigms
We
can demarcate three epochs of economic thinking over the past century. Each
began with new economic analysis and data that undermined the prevailing view,
and each altered the way the profession examined the intersection between how
the economy works and the role of society and policymakers in shaping economic
outcomes. In each of these time periods, economists made an argument to
policymakers about what actions would deliver what the profession considered
the optimal outcomes for society. Thanks in no small part to the real-world
successes of the first epoch, policymakers today tend to listen to economists’
advice.
The
first epoch began in the early twentieth century, when Cambridge University
economist John Maynard Keynes altered the course of economic thinking. He
started from the assumption that markets do not always self-correct, which
means that the economy can be trapped in a situation where people and capital
are not being fully utilized. Unemployment—people who want to work but are
unable to find a job—is due to firms not deploying sufficient investment
because they do not see enough customers to eventually buy the goods and
services they would produce. From this insight flowed a series of policy
prescriptions, key among them the idea that when the economy is operating at
less than full employment, only government has the power to get back to full
employment, by filling in the gap and providing sufficient demand. Keynes’s
contribution is often summarized to be that demand—people with money in their
pockets ready to buy—keeps the economy moving. For economists, the
methodological contribution was that policymakers could push on aggregate
indicators, such as by boosting overall consumption, to change economic
outcomes.
Available at https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/53/a-new-economic-paradigm/ (Acceso
17 de junio de 2024)
Cuestionario
1.¿Cuántas épocas del pensamiento
económico se pueden demarcar en el último siglo según el texto?
2.¿Qué evento marcó el inicio de la
primera época del pensamiento económico en el siglo XX?
3.¿Cuál fue la suposición inicial de John
Maynard Keynes sobre los mercados?
4¿.Cómo define Keynes el desempleo en su
análisis económico?
5.¿Qué papel asigna Keynes al gobierno
cuando la economía opera a menos del pleno empleo?
6.¿Cómo se resume a menudo la contribución
de Keynes a la economía?
7.¿Qué tipo de indicadores sugirió Keynes
que los responsables de las políticas deberían impulsar para cambiar los
resultados económicos?
8.¿Por qué los responsables de las
políticas tienden a escuchar los consejos de los economistas hoy en día?
9.¿Qué alteró cada época del pensamiento
económico en la profesión?
10.¿Qué argumentaron los economistas ante
los responsables de las políticas en cada una de estas épocas?
