The Twentieth Century Economic Paradigms (CUESTIONARIO)

Conteste el cuestionario con información del texto

The Twentieth Century Paradigms

We can demarcate three epochs of economic thinking over the past century. Each began with new economic analysis and data that undermined the prevailing view, and each altered the way the profession examined the intersection between how the economy works and the role of society and policymakers in shaping economic outcomes. In each of these time periods, economists made an argument to policymakers about what actions would deliver what the profession considered the optimal outcomes for society. Thanks in no small part to the real-world successes of the first epoch, policymakers today tend to listen to economists’ advice.

The first epoch began in the early twentieth century, when Cambridge University economist John Maynard Keynes altered the course of economic thinking. He started from the assumption that markets do not always self-correct, which means that the economy can be trapped in a situation where people and capital are not being fully utilized. Unemployment—people who want to work but are unable to find a job—is due to firms not deploying sufficient investment because they do not see enough customers to eventually buy the goods and services they would produce. From this insight flowed a series of policy prescriptions, key among them the idea that when the economy is operating at less than full employment, only government has the power to get back to full employment, by filling in the gap and providing sufficient demand. Keynes’s contribution is often summarized to be that demand—people with money in their pockets ready to buy—keeps the economy moving. For economists, the methodological contribution was that policymakers could push on aggregate indicators, such as by boosting overall consumption, to change economic outcomes.

Available at https://democracyjournal.org/magazine/53/a-new-economic-paradigm/ (Acceso 17 de junio de 2024)

Cuestionario

1.¿Cuántas épocas del pensamiento económico se pueden demarcar en el último siglo según el texto?

2.¿Qué evento marcó el inicio de la primera época del pensamiento económico en el siglo XX?

3.¿Cuál fue la suposición inicial de John Maynard Keynes sobre los mercados?

4¿.Cómo define Keynes el desempleo en su análisis económico?

5.¿Qué papel asigna Keynes al gobierno cuando la economía opera a menos del pleno empleo?

6.¿Cómo se resume a menudo la contribución de Keynes a la economía?

7.¿Qué tipo de indicadores sugirió Keynes que los responsables de las políticas deberían impulsar para cambiar los resultados económicos?

8.¿Por qué los responsables de las políticas tienden a escuchar los consejos de los economistas hoy en día?

9.¿Qué alteró cada época del pensamiento económico en la profesión?

10.¿Qué argumentaron los economistas ante los responsables de las políticas en cada una de estas épocas?